1.
Definisi
Penerjemahan
Seperti
halnya ilmu-ilmu lain, di dalam bidang penerjemahan ditemukan banyak definisi.
Berbagai definisi tersebut mencerminkan pandangan ahli yang membuat definsi
tentang hakikat terjemahan dan proses penerjemahan.
Definisi
pertama berasal dari Catford. Ia menulis:
(Translation
is) the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual
material in another language (Catford, 1965:20).
Mungkin
Anda sedikit bertanya-tanya karena di dalam definisi tersebut tidak ditemukan
konsep tentang makna. Sementara, secara garis besar terjemahan tidak bisa
dipisahkan dari persoalan makna atau gagasan.
Ungkapan
tentang hakikat penerjemahan yang menyentuh konsep makna diungkapkan oleh
Savory (1968):
Translation
is made possible by an equivalent of thought that lies behind its different
verbal expressions.
Savory
tidak lebih jauh lagi menyebut hal-hal yang operasional atau terkait dengan
proses.
Proses
penerjemahan disajikan secara lebih jelas oleh Nida dan Taber (1969). Mereka
menyatakan:
Translating
consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent
of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms
of style.
Dalam
bukunya Translation: Applications and Research, Brislin (1976) memberi batasan
yang luas pada istilah penerjemahan. Bagi dia penerjemahan adalah pengalihan
buah pikiran atau gagasan dari satu bahasa ke dalam bahasa lain. Kedua bahasa
ini bisa serumpun, seperti bahasa Sunda dan Jawa, bisa dari lain rumpun,
seperti bahasa Inggris dan Indonesia, atau bahkan bahasa yang sama tetapi
dipakai pada kurun waktu yang berbeda, misalnya bahasa Jawa zaman Majapahit dan
bahasa Jawa masa sekarang. Hanya saying dalam definisi ini tidak tersirat
proses penerjamahan dan kriteria terjemahan yang baik.
1.
Definition
of Translation
As the other sciences, there are many definitions in
translation field. Those definitions reflect the expert’s view about the nature
and process of translation.
The first definition come from Catford, He wrote:
(Translation is) the replacement of textual material
in one language by equivalent textual material in another language (Catford,
1965:20).
You might be wondering for no translation concept
was found in definition above. Meanwhile, in generally translation can’t be
separated from meaning or idea matter.
Expression of the essence of the translation that
touch the concept of meaning is expressed by Savory (1968)
Translation is made possible by an equivalent of
thought that lies behind its different verbal expressions.
Savory
doesn’t mention any further about operational or any matter which related with
process.
The
translation process was explained more clearly by Nida and Taber (1969). They
state:
Translating
consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent
of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms
of style.
In
translation book: Application and Research, Brislin (1976) gives limitation
about term of translation widely. According to his book, translation is
switching a thought or an idea from one language to another language. Both
languages can be come from the same tribe, such as Sundanese and Javanese
language or from different tribe, such as English and Indonesian, or even from
same language which was used in different era, for instance Javanese language
in Majapahit era and in this era. Unfortunately, this definition is not state
the process and good criterion of translation implicitly.
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